The Influences Parents Have On Thier Children Essay -- essays research

Throughout our lives were influenced and taught by many. It crapper have an effect on the bureau we view problems and events within public boundaries. One of the most important and most effective influences children have in their lives occurs from their parents. The parents of a child cannister have some(prenominal) a positive and a negative influence on their lives. In this novel there are two very good examples of how parents can be an important influence on their children. Father of Jem and Scout Finch, Atticus Finch, plays the loving, caring and intelligent single parent, he is struggling to keep his family together. He is an example of how parents can have a positive influence on their children. Bob Ewell, father of Mayella Ewell, is the drunken, abusive, and careless father, Bob is also a single parent. He is an example of how a parent can be a negative influence on their childrens lives. Both fathers are very influential on the mental growth of their children. Parents can influence how their children behave, feel, and act towards the outside world. If a child is brought up with hatred, anger and even violence, they can learn to view the world in a super negative way, by being dangerous and prejudice towards others. However if a child is brought up with caring and nourishment, they can learn to see the world from every(prenominal) different points of views and angles. Atticus raises his children with love and care, and teaches them to consider all angles of a situation before they judge someone "...

Colonialism, Imperialism, and Greed in Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

resolution and Greed in Heart of night       The book Heart of nefariousness written by Joseph Conrad is a masterpiece in literature. Conrad obtained many of his perspectives for his work from hold on experience and also from his harsh background and childhood. When Conrad was still a child his father was exiled to Siberia because of suspicions on plotting against the Russian govern ment. After his begin died, Conrads father sent him to his mformer(a)s crony in Krakow for education purposes. This was the last time Conrad ever saw his father. After Conrad had turned seventeen, he traveled to Marseilles and spent the close twenty years on an English ship, (eight years later he became a British subject). Conrad began writing his first novel Almayers Folly in 1889, and began to actively oceanrch for a carriage to fulfill his dream of traveling to the Congo. In 1890 Conrad took command of a steamship in the Belgian Congo. Conrads experiences in the Congo surface the mood and the outline for his excellent novel Heart of Darkness. During his time in the Congo, Conrads health took a devastating blow so he returned to England to recover. Returning to sea twice before end Almayers Folly in 1894 Conrad wrote several other books including one about Marlow which was called Youth (a narrative before beginning Heart of Darkness in 1898). Conrad wrote most of his other major works Lord Jim (which features Marlow), Nostramo and The Secret Agent as well as several collaborations with Ford Madox during the following deuce decades. Conrad died in 1924 but impart always have and hold a place in the hearts of many readers. In his book Heart of Darkness Conrad gives the reader an understanding of how the Africans were treat during colonization. The book also pinpoints many cases that show the greed and selfishness of imperialism.   The evilness of how the Africans were treated is critiqued well in a quote the men who work for t he company disembowel what they do as trade and their treatment of native Africans is part of a benevolent project of civilization (http//www.sparknotes.com Heart of Darkness). This is a rattling true statement which shows that the way the colonizers treated the African was more like slaves rather than people.Colonialism, Imperialism, and Greed in Conrads Heart of Darkness Heart Darkness essays Colonization and Greed in Heart of Darkness       The book Heart of Darkness written by Joseph Conrad is a masterpiece in literature. Conrad obtained many of his perspectives for his work from hands on experience and also from his harsh background and childhood. When Conrad was still a child his father was exiled to Siberia because of suspicions on plotting against the Russian government. After his mother died, Conrads father sent him to his mothers brother in Krakow for education purposes. This was the last time Conrad ever saw his father. After Conrad had turned seventeen, he traveled to Marseilles and spent the next twenty years on an English ship, (eight years later he became a British subject). Conrad began writing his first novel Almayers Folly in 1889, and began to actively search for a way to fulfill his dream of traveling to the Congo. In 1890 Conrad took command of a steamship in the Belgian Congo. Conrads experiences in the Congo paved the way and the outline for his brilliant novel Heart of Darkness. During his time in the Congo, Conrads health took a devastating blow so he returned to England to recover. Returning to sea twice before finishing Almayers Folly in 1894 Conrad wrote several other books including one about Marlow which was called Youth (a narrative before beginning Heart of Darkness in 1898). Conrad wrote most of his other major works Lord Jim (which features Marlow), Nostramo and The Secret Agent as well as several collaborations with Ford Madox during the following two decades. Conrad died in 1924 but w ill always have and hold a place in the hearts of many readers. In his book Heart of Darkness Conrad gives the reader an understanding of how the Africans were mistreated during colonization. The book also pinpoints many cases that show the greed and selfishness of imperialism.   The evilness of how the Africans were treated is critiqued well in a quote the men who work for the company describe what they do as trade and their treatment of native Africans is part of a benevolent project of civilization (http//www.sparknotes.com Heart of Darkness). This is a very true statement which shows that the way the colonizers treated the African was more like slaves rather than people.

Analysis of Robert Frosts Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Essay e

Analysis of Robert Frosts Stopping by Woods on a Snowy eventideStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening is a very well know poem by Robert Frost. The poem appears to be very simple, but it has a hidden meaning to it. The simple words and rhyme scheme of the poem gives it an easy flow, which adds to the calmness of the poem. The rhyme scheme (aaba, bbcb, ccdc, dddd) and the speech rhythm (iambic tetrameter) give the poem a solid structure. The poem is about the speakers experience of stopping by the dark woods in the spend evening with his horse and admiring the beauty of the fresh fallen snow in the forest. Then, the speaker projects himself into the mind of his horse, speculating about his horses practical concerns and the horse communicates by shaking his harness bells, and his head impatiently wanting to continue the homeward journey forward. The speaker also tells that he would like to stay but he has to continue home to take care of all the responsibilities before he can die peac eful.In the first stanza, I think that the speaker is acquainted(predicate) with the land he knows the individual who owns the woods but that owner doesnt live on this land instead he lives in the village. The speaker implies that he is trespassing someones property but he doesnt need to worry because that person is in the village and not there anyplace around. So, its not an ethical problem for him. He is not ashamed of trespassing somebodys property. Instead, taking advantage of the moment, h...

Abortion In Our Modern Society :: essays research papers fc

I believe that it is a fair sexs right to take aim whether or not she shall have a child. The issue of miscarriage is widely disputed in our nation, and is considered taboo because it has to do with sex. Many large number are against abortion because of religious or moral beliefs. However, most of the people who argue against abortion have no adopted children. The reality is this if an unwanted child is born into this world, they give suffer a great deal throughout their life. Also, the abortion is performed when the child is not yet developed. Still, many persons throughout the United States consider abortion to be nothing but infanticide. Of course, there is a risk involved with abortion, but as science im stirs, so does the safety of such practices. There is a vitiated chance that a woman undergoing an abortion will be subject to hemorrhage (a 1 in 14,799 chance), sepsis (a 1 in 4,722 chance), tetanus, and anemia. Such events rarely happen, though. So, excessively health ri sks and moral and religious beliefs, abortions are a good thing for quite a few reasons.First of all, in many scenarios, an abortion is prerequisite and it would be wrong not to let the develop choose an abortion. For example, if a woman is raped, is she expected to keep the child? Of course not Even if the mother decided to have the baby and support it, for the rest of her life she will be burdened simply because she was a victim of a predator. Also, if a woman was being safe and using protection, and the protection failed, she should be given the chance to choose. Although it was partly her fault, she was being responsible for her actions and practicing safe sex. Finally, there is the circumstance under which tests prove that if the baby is born, it will be deformed or handicapped. Such a child will suffer for the rest of their life, however short it may be. though the parents may choose to keep the child, if it will suffer physically, they might want to stop its suffering befor e it even starts.Plus, not as many people misuse the practice as we may think. After all, abortions are not cheap, anywhere from $300 to $2000. Surgical abortion in or before the offset trimester can be performed by either menstrual extraction or vacuum aspiration.

The Tet Offensive Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Tet Offensive was unquestionably the biggest occurrence of the Vietnam War. While the military success of the Viet Cong in mounting a sustained revolt in cities across S give awayh Vietnam was virtually non-existent, the psychological impact it had on the American public was quite a simply phenomenal. This effect was partially due to the reporting of the war by the media. To completely understand the impacts of Tet, we must first understand the goals of Tet. The execution of Tet was a mischance on the battlefield however, it proved to be an astounding success on college campuses across America.The main objectives of the Tet Offensive of 1968 were to mount numerous uprisings in cities that were supposedly secure. The cities focus on in Tet were Saigon, Hue, and Danang. The idea originally came ab out around 1966. The reason being was that General Westmorelands continuous pres sure enough constantly harried the northwesterly Vietnamese Army and the Viet Cong (Ford 33). The US armed forces were depriving their Vietnamese aggressors of what they needed most, time to plan. Around this time General Nguyen Chi Thanh was being reprimanded for his failures in using large unit operations against the devastating firepower of US forces. Basically, if Thanh continued the war under these circumstances he would have no army to continue the revolution. The decision from capital of Vietnam was that their only hope was to use a Protracted War Strategy and outlast the Americans (Ford 33). In 1967 Thanh died and was replaced by General Giap. This gave the decision makers in Hanoi a solution to their problem of adopting a sound strategy. It wasnt hard to make a decision, they decided on fighting a long and drawn out guerilla war. Hanoi also expanded the debate to consider the views of others (Ford 34). Psychology was a factor in this war, the leaders in North Vietnam made sure of it. They realized that Vietnam was a political war for America. In fact, it was not uncommon for the North Vietnamese leaders to tune in to American broadcasts to see how the media handled the war.On January 30th, 1968 the Tet Offensive came into being. Nineteen Vietnamese sappers blew a hole in the eight-foot wall surrounding the US embassy in Saigon. Initially the dozen military police and leatherneck Corps guards were taken by surprise, by dawn the wall was secure and ... ...r the Viet Cong it was a great psychological victory over the American public. The decline of events in 1968 was enough to keep President Johnson from seeking re-election.It isnt difficult to understand why the Tet Offensive of 1968 changed many Americans opinion of the war. The offensive took the US by surprise. There were signs that it was coming but these signs were not given the proper attention that they required. The media in Vietnam was in disarray when the offensive first broke out and when they finally came back into their normal functions the damage had been done by misreporting and the chaos and confusion that swept the country.List Of Works CitedBraestrup, Peter. Big Story. New Haven Westview Press, Inc., 1977.Ford, Ronnie E. TET 1968 accord the Surprise. London Frank Cass & Co. LTD, 1995Gilbert, Marc Jason and William Head. The Tet Offensive. Westport Praeger, 1996.Omicinski, John. Tet Offensive A Turning Point. Vets With A Mission. 4 Feb. 2003.Wirtz, James J. The Tet Offensive Intelligence Failure In War. Ithaca Cornell University Press, 1991.

The Tet Offensive Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Tet Offensive was unquestionably the biggest occurrence of the Vietnam War. While the military success of the Viet Cong in mounting a sustained revolt in cities across South Vietnam was virtually non-existent, the psychological impact it had on the American public was quite simply phenomenal. This effect was partially due to the reporting of the war by the media. To completely chthonicstand the impacts of Tet, we must first clear the goals of Tet. The execution of Tet was a failure on the battlefield however, it proved to be an astounding success on college campuses across America.The main objectives of the Tet Offensive of 1968 were to mount numerous uprisings in cities that were supposedly apprehend. The cities focused on in Tet were Saigon, Hue, and Danang. The idea originally came about around 1966. The author being was that General Westmorelands continuous pressure constantly harried the North Vietnamese Army and the Viet Cong (Ford 33). The US armed forces were depriv ing their Vietnamese aggressors of what they needed most, while to plan. Around this time General Nguyen Chi Thanh was being reprimanded for his failures in using large-scale unit operations against the devastating firepower of US forces. Basically, if Thanh continued the war under these circumstances he would have no army to continue the revolution. The decision from Hanoi was that their only hope was to use a Protracted War dodge and outlast the Americans (Ford 33). In 1967 Thanh died and was replaced by General Giap. This gave the decision piddlers in Hanoi a solution to their problem of adopting a sound strategy. It wasnt hard to make a decision, they decided on fighting a long and drawn out guerilla war. Hanoi also expanded the debate to consider the views of others (Ford 34). psychological science was a factor in this war, the leaders in North Vietnam made sure of it. They realized that Vietnam was a political war for America. In fact, it was not droll for the North Vietnam ese leaders to tune in to American broadcasts to see how the media handled the war.On January 30th, 1968 the Tet Offensive came into being. Nineteen Vietnamese sappers blew a hole in the eight-foot argue surrounding the US embassy in Saigon. Initially the dozen military police and Marine Corps guards were taken by surprise, by dawn the wall was secure and ... ...r the Viet Cong it was a great psychological victory over the American public. The decline of events in 1968 was enough to keep President Johnson from seeking re-election.It isnt difficult to understand why the Tet Offensive of 1968 changed many Americans opinion of the war. The offensive took the US by surprise. There were signs that it was coming but these signs were not given the right-hand(a) attention that they required. The media in Vietnam was in disarray when the offensive first broke out and when they finally came back into their normal functions the damage had been done by misreporting and the chaos and confusi on that swept the country.List Of Works CitedBraestrup, Peter. Big Story. New Haven Westview Press, Inc., 1977.Ford, Ronnie E. TET 1968 Understanding the Surprise. London Frank Cass & Co. LTD, 1995Gilbert, Marc Jason and William Head. The Tet Offensive. Westport Praeger, 1996.Omicinski, John. Tet Offensive A Turning Point. Vets With A Mission. 4 Feb. 2003.Wirtz, James J. The Tet Offensive Intelligence Failure In War. Ithaca Cornell University Press, 1991.

Latest Development in ICT Essay

1.0 Introduction nitty-gritty of open source software Open source software (OSS) is defined as computer software for which the source compute and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that meets the Open Source Definition or that is in the public domain. This permits users to use, change, and change the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms.Meaning of hardwareA computers hardware consists of the physical components indispensable to operate and interact with a computer. Since a computers primary language is binary, devices are necessary to convert our input into that language. The binary code approach shot out of the computer must also be translated into something usable for the operator. Meaning of softwaresoftware product is often divided into two categories1. System software Includes the in operation(p) system and all the utilities that enables the computer to function. 2. Application soft ware Includes programs that do real work for users. For examplesword processor,spreadsheets and database.2.0The Latest Open Source Application Software2.1 Meaning of Open Source OS Open Source operational System is the most important program that runs on a computer that is free to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.2.2 Examples of open source OSa)Ubuntu Linux A user friendly operating system based on KDE, the K Desktop Environment.With apredictable 6 month release cycle and part of the Ubuntu project, Kubuntu isthe GNU/Linuxdistribution for everyone. Improved desktop, updated applications programmesand increased usability features arejust a few of the surprises with this latest release.b) Fedora Linux A Linux-based operating system that showcases the latest in free and opensource software. Fedora is always free for anyone to use, modify, and distribute. It isbuilt by people across the globe who work together as a community the Fedora protrude. The Fedora Project is open and anyone is welcomed to join.3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software3.1 Meaning of open source application software Open Source Application Software includes database programs, word processors, and spreadsheets and others. It is free to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms.3.2 Examples of open source application software a)Open Office An office application set (for word processing, spreadsheet manipulation,picture drawing and data base access) compatible with all other major officeapplication sets such as Office and available for Windows and mack as well as Linux and other UNIX systems.b)Squirrel Mail An email application (for reading and writing email through a web clientprogram) supporting IMAP and SMTP and available for Windows and Mac as well asLinux and other UNIX systems.

My Business

My Fitness Academy get out be set up at Copiague, in New York 11726 Great Neck Road in the polish center. It lead be called Martas Academy aiming at making people fit by integrating dance and exercisesThe assembly line is based on two simple factsHealthy people atomic number 18 more fatty than those that are chronically ill.It cost less to prevent injuries or illnesses than to treat them after they occur.At this Fitness Academy, we believe that traditional approaches to the current health care crisis are misdirected. These traditional efforts are what we call reactive, that is, they wait until after a person has been stricken with illness or injury, and then pay for the necessary treatments. Our approach, result emphasize on measure and good health promotion, is much more proactive.2.0 The AcademyFitness management is based on the belief that healthy people are more productive and efficient. For this reason, it will provide wellness strategies/programs to club members. This wi ll combine dance and exercise-related activities designed to facilitate positive lifestyle changes in members.2.1 Academy Ownership and kale up CapitalThe Academy will be a privately held business with adept founder and owner.Start-up capital will require approximately $60,000 which will all be provided by the founder. Approximately $30,000 will be allocated to leasehold improvements and $15,000 to equipment.3.0 ServicesIn my business, classes will be offered in both English and Polish languages. This will mean that those who do not understand English can attend the lessons offered in Polish. I also intend to offer superior customer function in a clean and enjoyable environment. I will also make the lessons affordable to people by charging a membership fee of $50 since my target group will have a house income of $50,000-$60,000 per year. So a membership of $50 will be quite reasonable and affordable. The take of education will not matter as long as one understands either English or polish.The Academy will offer a number of lessons. They include yoga lessons, Pilates, choreographed dances for children between ages 3- 6 and other kind of dances. For instance, I will be having school children interested in the choreographed dance, couples who want to learn how to dance and keep fit as well and yoga will be ideal for a number of people and especially pregnant women.The lessons will also be spread throughout the day in order to have a good timetable for everyone. This will ensure that the lessons are easily accessible and that no one is left out because of time. The Academy will have a flexible timetable whereby one can have a variety of lessons to choose from in harm of time. One can either attend morning, noon, and evening or late night classes.4.0 Promotion StrategyInitial promotional activity will be through advertisements. This will be in form of printed posters placed at strategic positions like at the neighboring businesses where many people/ customers visit. I will also place advertisements on the church and school bulletins. Promotional activity will also be utilized through other media outlets like the intelligence activity papers and Radio, but minimally. Word-of-mouth will also attract potential clients.5.0 Management SummaryThe Academy will be a small business headed by one individual. He will be aided by a number of experienced trainers but as the business grows, more module will be employed to cater for the businesss growing needs.ReferencesRhonda, Abrams. (2003). The Successful Business Plan Secrets & Strategies. London The planning Shop

Priciple in health and social care Essay

To understand how precept of hold out be implemented in wellness and affectionate lot radiation pattern it starts from analysing equal opportunities ,independence , one-on-oneity respect ,partnership and having a lot of respect for different cultures and value also providing supervise support and a lot of attention for individual for friends and family . Also understanding how the principle of support are implemented in health and friendly burster involved a lot of confidentiality (policies well-nigh sacramental manduction information) supporting different preferences wishes and special needs , respect for the privacy of a soulfulness and dignity.An separate aspect of the principle of support in health and social care is protection from riskiness and defame, assessing risk to self and some others, right of the individual to organize their own risk. The principle of support is vital to a successful health and social care settings The meaning of the intelligence agency (principle) can describe the moral rule, a constant regulation of behaviour accordingly to moral law .The principle of support is essential in health and social care organisations, as part of a well, prosper services. Before choosing the right health and social care services people usually check the standards and the quality of the provider. This is a very important aspect because this assure them if the quality of the services they pass on get will satisfy their needs, like acquiring a better treatment and a better caring for themselves, family and friends. In some countries the governments are actively helping the citizen for getting a better health and social care services and they make sure the citizen gets the best support on the social care sector. The social support is another type of health and social care support which is related to the person health. For understanding how principle of support are implemented in health and social care expend its essential to specify the procedures for protecting clients , longanimouss and colleagues from risk and harm.There are many types of harm like somatic abuse, emotional abuse, oral abuse ,sexual abuse .In health and social care settings we could see those type of abuses. Before the procedure of protecting the clients, patients and colleagues from harm we need to recognise the risk and we should feel how to respond to it. Each type of abuse against clients, patients and colleagues need to be first recognised and after that proceed for protection. Once we identify the sign of the type harm the next step will be to start protecting the person by representing some simple steps accordingly to the situation and take the responsibility for this harm not happening again. Depends on the circumstances and depends on the type of harm caused the person in charge will proceed and get the necessity steps to assure the protection of the abused(harm) person. In the social care settings we could face different type of harm and risk If we are talking about the harm against a person that is could be a clients ,colleagues , patients like for example a vulnerable patient that is being emotionally abused by a member of staff .The person that will notice the harm (abuse ) should take first step in informing the person in charge .The person that report that should have a strong evidence about that .For instance in this example if there is an emotional abuse it may cause the patient physiological trauma, including anxiety or chronic depression. There are also some kind a risk in health and social care settings like in any organisation. If we are talking about the risk in health and social care settings we should start by referring to the meaning of the word risk .The risk is a chance, high or low that someone will be harmed by a hazard. There are hazard from equipment, from infection, from physical surroundings.The person-centred approach talks about the people perspective and what is important for them .If we are trying to see the benefits of following a person centred approach with users of health and social care services, then first aspect would be to open up to the opportunity that the person centred could offer. The person-centred its talking from the perspective of the person and what could be important for him/her. This convey that they are listening to each person and help them to live the lives they choose by working close with their families and friends.In determining what constitutes an ethical dilemma it is necessary to make a distinction between ethics values, morals laws and policies. Ethics rely on logical and rational criteria to reach a decision and essentially cognitive process (Loewenberg and Harrington) Robinson and Reeser 2002. It is also essential that the distinction to be made between personal and professional ethics and values (Congress 1999, Wilshere 1997) The health and social care worker encounter a complex situation when working with individual, fami lies, groups and communities. There could arise dilemmas and conflicts that have a strong ethical dimension. The dilemmas and conflict arise from the tightness between rights and responsibilities between risk and protection, between assessed needs and available resources. The ethical dilemmas arise when a difficult problem cannot be solved in a way that will satisfy everyone. Always when a ethical dilemma arise there must be found a solution.On the other hand the legislation, regulation and policies are influencing our own work in health and social care .All the personal in health and social care should follow the legislation, the policies and procedures that protect the employees and the one using this services .For example the Health and safety work Act 1974 is essential to be respected because it helps protecting others from harm and risk that could take place at the workplace. All the regulation and code practices are essential to maintain the safety and to help employee create a good environment in work place .Policies and procedures provide those basic infrastructure for a quality covering all aspects of work. The policies needs to be reviewed on a even basis and updated where is necessary .For example if there is a change in the equipment or workplace it will be necessary to improve those policies.When the policies, regulation and the codes of practice change and the organisation needs to adapt it will always be employees that will not be satisfy with the new changes. The policies, code of practice are usually the guide of a company and it communicates to the employees what its wrong and what is right. This has a positive role on the organisation if all the employees will follow and keep the indemnity and regulations as a main guide in the work place. All of this policies, legislation, regulation and code ofpractice will be helpful to strengthen the affinity between the organisation and all those involved directly or indirectly in its activities. Re specting all of this it could result in higher performance and profits for the organisation. On the other hand there could be negative impact as well because of some employees that will not agree with the policies, code practice and other legislation set by the government and follow by the organisation. The set of policies and code of practice in the health and social care settings are strongly impacted by the legislation or regulation set by the government.SourcesBook 1 Health and Social care level 3 ,BTEC issueHuman resources for health 2004http//labspace.open.ac.uk

Environment Obligation of Chevron Corporation

Corporate Environment Obligation An examination of the performance of banding tummy Nowadays, increasing customers worried about the negative effects that large companies put on environment especially slightly energy industries. banding Corporation is unrivaled of largest multinational energy corporations in the world which has branch offices in more(prenominal) than 100 countries. It is engaged in all the aspects of gas and crude anoint, which include exploration, production, marketing, chemicals manufacturing and so on (Chevron Corporation. n. d. ).Although Chevron produce energy to power economic growth of America, even the whole world, the environmental problems it caused has aroused great public concern. This essay analyses the environmental contamination caused by Chevron Corporation operation, specifically in two cases environmental atrocity in the Ecuador and Brazil oil spills. On the other hand, it describes some positive measures that Chevron takes to protect the en vironment which is focus on the following beas protecting the environment, respecting biodiversity and preserving freshwater resources.The case against Chevron Corporation In order to take the tremendous oil demand of America, Chevron drill for more oil in other countries all over the world which to a great extent harm the ecosystems and communities in many countries such as Africa, South American and other nations. As a frontrunner in energy industry, Chevron also wants to gain more profit. For example, contempt of the economic recession in 2008, Chevron still planned to increase total revenues by 25%, which is approximately $263 billion US Dollar.Chevron was concerned with environmental practices and business coincidentally, leading to huge environmental damage in some countries especially in Ecuador where the largest environmental lawsuit took place in the world. Early in the 1960s, Chevron began to prospect oil in Ecuador. It got a lot of money and then ran, leaving many env ironmental problems in the country (Julie, S. 2009 ). On February 28, 2011, Chevron Corporation was fined over $19 billion dollars by Ecuadorian Court because the oil and gas operations severely damaged the Amazon rainforest in Ecuador (Mark, W. 011). There are a lot of evidences showing Chevron destroy the Amazon rainforest in Ecuador. In order to reduce cost, Chevron dumped more than 18 billion gallons of poisonous waste into Amazon waterways during 1964 to 1990. These waste caused seriously environmental pollution to six indigenous groups in Amazon rainforest and at present, one of them is extinct and other five groups lost majority of their ancestral lands. Chevron also abandoned a large bar of waste pits which are filled with noxious sludge that contain carcinogens like benzene and chromium VI to Amazon forest.In the past few decades, these toxic substances migrated into soils, groundwater and stream that are the briny source of drinking water for local residents. The toxins w hitethorn cause reproductive problems, immune system damage, nervous system impairment and a number of other health problem to human beings ( Chevrons Top Ten Lies Chevrons Ten Biggest Lies About the Ecuador Suit. n. d. ). In 2011 December, Chevron Corporation was oblige a fine of over $10 billion by Brazilian federal prosecutors due to environmental contamination caused by oil spill in northeastern coast of Rio de Janeiro state.The crude oil began to leak on 7 November caused by underestimating the pressure in an underwater reservoir which led to oil surge up a bore hole of a drilling platform and then ran into seabed around it. The oil spilled out from more than 7 nail fissures at the bottom of the sea. Finally, the oil leak was under aver until the end of November but there was still some residual oil seeping from the crevices. In addition, Chevron Corporation lack of environmental prep and caution.According to an investigation by the attorney generals office, Chevron did n ot have the capability to control the pollution that was caused by the spill of about 3000 barrels of oil. Chevron was criticized harshly by the petroleum regulatory agency and local ministry because it did not share the oil spills information at the beginning and did not have any emergency equipment to deal with such situation on hand. (Brazil Sues Oil Giant Chevron For $10. 85 Billion Over Offshore Leak. 2011). The case for Chevron CorporationOn the contrary, Chevron Corporation continuously optimizes its operating processes to reduce waste and pollution and to conserve cancel resources as well as environment. In 2007, Chevron has highly-developed an Environmental, Social and Health Impact Assessment (ESHIA) process to evaluate forward-looking project for health and environmental impacts. ESHIA process is used to minimize the serious negative impacts and to enhance the benefits when a project is being planned, operated and decommissioned. Stakeholder engagement is the almost mp ortant aspect to this process throughout the life of a project. EDHIS has already been applied for about 700 capital projects all over the world, for instance the Frade Field in the Campos Basin offshore Brazil. Chevron Brasil is cooperating with federal University of Rio Grande to research the species and distribution of marine mammals like dolphins and whales in Frade Field area. The purpose of this project is to identify and monitor the congregation area of dolphins and whales and establish the conservation areas ( Environment. 2011)Diversity ecosystem plays a significant role in sustainable development by providing necessary economic benefits to the whole society and human beings, like clothing, food, fuel, shelter and so on. However, the natural biodiversity in most area of the world is under serious threat in modern society. Chevron is committed to preserve the biodiversity of the environment (Biodiversity Statement. 2011). one of the most successful example is Salak Project of Chevron. The Gunung Halimun Salak National Park is the largest primitive forest in Indonesia which is quite near from the nations capital, Jakarta.The main task of Chevron in Salak is to produce energy to support the economic growth of Indonesia. At the same time, Chevron is working closely with park rangers, local farmers and international wildlife groups to preserve some endangered animals in the area, like hawk eagles, leopards and gibbons. Through this project, Chevron proves to the public that environmental protection and energy production can coexist peacefully (Delivering Energy, Respecting Nature. n. d. ). Fresh water is a basic economic and environmental resource.As an international corporation, Chevron recognizes that preserving useful water is necessary to their business and communities. Because of this reason, an integrated freshwater management strategy was developed by Chevron to enhance the water management process throughout the whole company. Also, a ball-shape d position statement on fresh water was developed to emphasize this significant resource. In Kem County, Chevron cooperated with the Cawelo Water District, providing the local farmers water for agricultural.Water is one of the most important byproduct of the steamflooding engineering which Chevron use to coax crude oil from underground. In California, Chevron collaborated with two water treatment plants to reform ponds which were used by Chevron before. The new use of the ponds is to prevent sewage from flowing into San Francisco Bay during large storms (Environment. 2011). Conclusion Overall, the behavior of Chevron Corporation to the environment has been amalgamated. On positive side, Chevron developed the ESHIA process to evaluate new project which minimize the negative impacts to environment.At the same time, Chevron always combines biodiversity considerations into their ESHIA process when evaluating a project or make a decision. In their Salak Project, Chevron protects the enda ngered animals in the area while they are producing energy. The project could also benefit different stakeholders, such as the local farmers, and march on them to protect the environment. In addition, Chevron commits itself to preserving freshwater resource, so an integrated corporate freshwater management strategy as well as a global position statement on fresh water was developed to protect this critical resource.However, in order to get tidy profit, Chevron leaves huge environmental problems to a number of countries. There are many evidences showing that Chevron did not perform the social responsibilities to environment. In Ecuador, Chevron dumped a large quantity of poisonous waste into Amazon rainforest which seriously damage the ecological balance in that area. In addition, some waste they abandoned contains carcinogenic chemicals which may lead to reproductive problems, immune system problem to local residents. Public expect that the activities of Chevron do not harm the env ironment as some(prenominal) as possible.However, driven by the huge interest, the company contaminate natural environment to a large extent. Also it is shown that Chevron lack of environmental planning and management. In the Brazil oil spills, Chevron did not have the capability to control the pollution caused by oil spill. Even though Chevron was heavily fined as a punishment, the environmental problems it caused can not be solved. The negative environmental effects of Chevron Corporation far outweigh its positive impacts, resulting in an unsatisfactory environmental effort. References Biodiversity Statement. 2011. http//www. chevron. om/globalissues/ environment/ biodiversity/ (accessed March 22, 2012) Brazil Sues Oil Giant Chevron For $10. 85 Billion Over Offshore Leak. 2011. http//articles. businessinsider. com/2011-12-15/news/30518769_1_oil-drilling-brazilian-officials-leak (accessed March 22, 2012) banding CORPORATION. n. d. http//www. texaco. com/trust-texaco/ chevron-corp . aspx (accessed March 19, 2012) Chevrons Top Ten Lies Chevrons Ten Biggest Lies About the Ecuador Suit. n. d. http//www. texacotoxico. org/eng/node/278 (accessed March 21, 2012) Delivering Energy, Respecting Nature. n. d. http//www. chevron. om/stories //allstories/salakrespectingnature/producingenergyrespectfully/ (accessed March 23, 2012) Environment. 2011. http//www. chevron. com/globalissues/environment/ (accessed March , 2012) Julie, S. 2009. 60 Minute exposes Chevrons environmental atrocity in the Amazon. http//matadornetwork. com/change/60-minutes-exposes-chevrons-environmental-atrocity-in-the-amazon/ (accessed March 20, 2012) Mark, W. 2011. Aguinda v. Chevron Corporation Environmental Justice or Sham? http//www. acoel. org/ come in/2011/04/15/Aguinda-v-Chevron-Corporation-Environmental-Justice-or-Sham-. aspx (accessed March 20, 2012)

Moral Dilemmas

4 November 2012 HUM 115 Catherine Reynolds Moral Dilemmas The five of the moral dilemmas I chose were the following The Partiality of Friendship A Poisonous Cup of drinking chocolate A Callous Passerby The Fat Man and the Impending Doom and A Fathers Agonizing Choice. Out of these 4 dilemmas I wee chosen the dilemma that is titled A Callous Passerby. The reason wherefore I chose this particular one is because I got a story that relates to this story. When it comes to saving a person life and not caring how the situation may go while doing but you know you can succeed in doing is a massive deed.This certain dilemma would go under an altruistic moral theory because in the reading it states this moral is under the golden rule that I ever more(prenominal) taught Do unto others as you have them do unto you. And this is basically saying do the right thing at all times and dont permit minor things do give you a set-back on the situation. My experience with this type of moral was to s ee a lady in a keen house trying to find her kids and grandkid and drag them out the burning house. I was on my way to a movie and I was dressed too. I had untried clothes, shoes, and just left the hair dresser early that morning.When I saw the house it looked like it just started burning. No fire trucks, polices, or ambulances were on the main road to come to the seen. The lady was outside and screaming for help. Good thing I had took the back way to my destination or else I would not have seen this incident. As the lady screamed call for help, my kids are in there I knew right then she didnt have a phone or couldnt get to it. So I called for help and they said they were coming. So as I asked the lady how long has this been going on and she said about 30 minutes. As she was telling me what happened I heard some kids hollering and crying.I asked her how many were in the house and she said 4. Two of her grandchildren and her other two were her kids by adoption. When it came to m e getting them out, I burned up my pants and shirt and also damaged my hair. But I think of the situation as a blessing because those kids wouldve of been burnt if I would not of save them. I was just thinking I am going to be late for the movie I have no more clothes to change into and my hair smells awful. However, I had to look at like this, I saved a life that wouldnt have been here some other day. The movies are always playing movies.My general conclusions about my moral compass are what I was taught growing up from childhood. When it came to me helping people when I knew I could I would go for it. My mother and father always said think about what you do, and dont do anything that youll regret later and always find this treat others how you wanted to be treated and do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Those words meant a lot to me growing up and the reason why is because I followed through those words in life and it got me feeling good about life because I know have done right.

New York State standards Essay

It is important for grade 4 pupils to meet the standards for slope Language Arts set forth in the New York distinctiate standards. It is in the set hale-nigh of this that great attention moldiness be paid to the way English is taught in the grade 4 classroom. When a instructor prep atomic number 18s and delivers his or her less(prenominal)ons in English, she should do this with the objective of making sure that his or her pupils meet the standards of the State of New York in mind. The standards should be her guide as he or she delivers the lessons in English and administers both oral and written tests to find out whether or not his or her students support mastered the required aptitudes.What educational strategies and instructional methods may be employed to ensure that grade 4 pupils meet the standards for English Language Arts set forth by the State of New York? One of the skills ( raising visualiseet, 2010) that grade 4 pupils are expected to have is being able to bewa re and speak in formal and informal settings wherein they are expected to pour forth with people of different ages, genders, and cultures. One instructional method ( cyphers ESL Island, 2000) that can be expendd to ensure that grade 4 pupils achieve the above mentioned skill is the communicative approach.In the communicative approach, the instructor gives more emphasis on language functions rather than on language structures. As such, when the instructor designs a lesson, her lesson is cerebrate on a language function such as greeting a person, telling a story, giving directions, or shooting for process with some thinlyg. She because decides what language structures are suited for a particular language function. For instance, prepo nonplusions can be taught for pupils to learn how to give directions. The LEA or Language Experience under submit (Nadas ESL Island, 2000) may be utilized by the t individuallyer in teaching the uses of the different parts of speech.What the ins tructor does is bother the pupils take on a business concern of textbook. Then she asks questions like What talking to were use to describe the flower? and What words were used to describe the mountain? . The teacher may therefore tell the pupils that words like pretty, colorful, tall, and big are called adjectives and that adjectives are words used for describing. What more or less audience? What strategies or instructional methods can be utilized to develop listening skills among pupils? Pupils have to learn to become active rather than passive listeners. here, the teacher can make use of the cloze test wherein the pupils are asked to listen to the teacher prove a short poem twice. The pupils are then given a copy of the poem with some words left out. The pupils are to run across in the missing words after(prenominal) listening to the learning of the poem. With regard to developing skills in oration, the teacher can make use of the audiolingual method wherein the te acher first teaches the pupils a set of expressions like May I armed service you? , What time is it? and How do you do?. She then asks the pupils to repeat each expression after him or her. The teacher can later have the pupils engage in a role play wherein they are given the chance to put into blueprint the expressions they have learned. parenthesis from acquiring listening and speaking skills for formal and informal situations, grade 4 pupils ( cultivation Planet, 2010) are besides expected to learn how to drop a line for social interaction and produce written messages to establish, maintain, and enhance personal relationships with others.One way of teaching writing with this purpose in mind is through the use of the interactive journal. How is this done? The teacher sets the topic for the class to write nearly. She then pairs off the students and makes sure that each pair has a small notebook. Pupil A then begins by writing something just just about the topic before tur ning the note over to his or her partner pupil B who infers and reacts to what pupil a has written about the topic. From time to time the teacher goes around to check to make sure that the students are not deviating from the topic.Letter writing could alikely be a useful activity in developing the pupils social interaction skills. For example, after talking about how to take care of the environment, the teacher may ask pupils to write a letter to their congressman or mayor. The State of New York ( Education Planet 2010) expects grade 4 pupils to also be able to listen and shoot to evaluate lives, ideas, teaching, and issues by victimization evaluative criteria from different perspectives and by recognizing the difference in evaluations based on different sets of criteria.One technique ( Nadas ESL Island, 2000) that the teacher can use to achieve this goal is the interactive approach to reading. Here the pupils do not only read but also interact with the material. By asking qu estions, the teacher allows the pupils to predict what will happen before the next part of the story is read, state whether or not they have the same experience as that of the character or characters in the story, comment on the actions of the characters, or even tell whether the story happened in real keep or not.Grade 4 pupils ( Education Planet, 2010) are also expected to learn how to speak and write for critical analysis and evaluation by presenting opinions and archetypes on experiences, ideas, information, and issues clearly, logically, and persuasively with reference to specific criteria on which the opinion or judgment is based. This goal can be happen uponed by asking Why and How questions about a topic that had been read or listened to instead of the usual What, Who, and Where questions. Pupils may also be taught how to write and speak critically by asking them What do you think or What if questions.Such kind of questions would allow them to present their opinions and judgments on an issue that had been read or listened to. other standard that was set by the State of New York ( Education Planet 2010) is grade 4 pupils should be able to listen and read for literary response which involves comprehending, interpreting, and critiquing imaginative texts in every medium, tipple from personal experiences and knowledge to guess the text, and recognizing the social, historical, and cultural features of the text.In order to achieve this, the teacher can use the top d sustain approach wherein the pupils can figure out to fore their experiences and present knowledge in understanding the text. The pupil uses his or her experience and current knowledge to be able to relate to the text. The childs schema is also utilized in being able to understand the meaning of each word and sentence in the text. Another skill ( Education Planet, 2010) that grade 4 pupils are expected to have is being able to speak and write for literary response which involves presenting interpretations, analysis, and reactions to the content and language of a text.Here the teacher can make use of the interactive approach in reading wherein the pupils are mad to interpret a line or a word in a poem. They are also made to react to the content of a poem or story and give their opinion and judgment regarding its contents either orally or in written form. Grade 4 pupils ( Education Planet, 2010) are also expected to speak and write for literary expression which involves producing imaginative texts that use language and text structures that are inventive and often multilayered.To develop this skill in the pupils, the teacher (Nadas ESL Island, 2000) can make use of the KWL method. Here the pupils are asked to put d aver what they already know about the topic that will be discussed or text that would be read. The teacher then asks the pupils to write down or say what they expect to learn from the topic or text. after the teacher discusses the topic or read the text, the pupils are asked to write down or say what they have learned from the discussion of the topic or the reading of the text.establish on what they have learned, the pupils may frame a new story or composition as a kind of learning synthesis. The State of New York ( Education Planet, 2010) also aims to develop in the pupils the ability to listen and read to acquire information and understanding which involves collecting data, facts, and ideas discovering relationships, concepts, and generalizations and using knowledge from oral, written, and electronic sources. The research method can be used to develop the above mentioned skill in the pupils.While listening to a text being read, the pupils are asked to pay close attention to important pieces of information and note these down in their notebooks. The same thing would be done as the pupils read a piece of text. The teachers may guide the pupils in using semantic maps which the pupils used to organize the pieces of information that they have picked up from listening to or reading the text. Semantic maps also allow the pupils to see the relationship among the different ideas. Aside from semantic maps, pupils may also be taught how to construct charts which also help organize pieces of information they have picked up.The State of New York ( Education Planet, 2010) also expects pupils to be able to speak and write to acquire and transmit information which requires asking probing and clarifying questions, interpreting information in ones own words, applying information from one context to another, and presenting the information and interpretation clearly, concisely, and comprehensively. One method that the teacher could use to develop this skill among the grade 4 pupils involves prereading, reading, and postreading activities. In the prereading activity pupils are made to scan or skim the text.They are afterwards asked to come up with questions that they might want to ask about the material. The pupils then read the te xt and while reading, they try to look for answers to their own questions. They later present their answers to the class. With regard to asking questions, the teachers could invite a fireman, for example, to talk about his profession. After his talk, the pupils are encouraged to ask questions regarding what they listened to. What other educational strategies and instructional methods can the teacher utilize to improve the reading, speaking, writing, and listening skills of grade 4 pupils?With regard to meliorate the listening skills of the pupils, the teacher may dictate to the pupils a piece of text line by line. As she reads each line twice, the pupils write down each line in their notebooks. After the last line of the text had been read, the teacher reads the text again and asks the pupils to check what they wrote as they listen to the teacher read the text. Another educational strategy that the teacher can employ to improve the listening skills of grade 4 pupils is to have them listen to the teacher playback a recorded newscast or story. The teacher may opt to playback the recorded newscast or story twice.He or she then gives the pupils an exercise to answer to test how well they listened to the recorded newscast or story. The test can be a fill in the blanks or multiple choice type of exercise. These can de done again and again until the pupils attain an acceptable level of mastery. The speaking skills of grade 4 pupils can be improved by introducing them to debate. Here the pupils are given the chance to express their opinions, views, and judgments regarding an issue. asking grade 4 pupils to retell a story they have read is also a good way of improving the speaking skills of grade 4 pupils.The pupils retell a story in cause of the class through the use of visual aids. They may also be encouraged to create their own stories and share it with the rest of the class. Teaching pupils how to conduct an interview is another way of improving their listening and speaking skills, One pupil could play the role of TV reporter while another pupil could be the person being interviewed. To apply what they have learned about interviewing people, pupils could be asked to interview, let us say, the confine in their community and have them report the results of the interview in front of the class.Show and Tell is also a good way of developing the speaking skills of grade 4 pupils. They may be asked to bring to class a favorite pet or toy and talk about these in front of the class. The pupils might also be asked to draw any picture and then call them one by one to the front of the class to talk about their picture. What educational strategies or instructional methods may be employed to improve the writing skills of pupils? Aside from journal or letter writing, grade 4 pupils may be taught how to write a haiku or a tanka on any topic of their choice.They could then share with their classmates what they wrote. Other activities that could improve th e writing skills of pupils are banknote making, making greeting cards. The integrated approach can also be used to improve the writing skills of grade 4 pupils. For example, the teacher could conduct a simple experiment inside the classroom. While the teacher is doing the experiment, the pupils can write down what they observe and their conclusions after the teacher finishes conducting the experiment, The teacher could also have the pupils read a story and organize the sequence of events as they happened in the story.Based on the arranged sequence of events, the pupils could be asked to rewrite the story. With regard to improving the reading skills of the pupils, the teacher could make use of SSR or Sustained Silent Reading wherein the teacher sets aside a few minutes of the period to allow the pupils to read their favorite book. This sustains pupils interest in reading. DRTA or Directed Reading Thinking Activity ( Nadas ESL Island, 2000) can also be utilized by the teacher to impr ove the reading skills of grade 4 pupils.The teacher first reads the title of the text and he or she asks the pupils what they think the story is departure to be about. He or she then solicits different answers from the pupils. The teacher then reads the first paragraph of the story and stops to ask the pupils what they think will happen in the next part of the story. He or she writes their predictions on the board. After reading the next part of the story the teacher erases the answers on the board that are no longer needed. The procedure goes on until the story is finished. The pupils may be asked to write a summary of the story.Aside from DRTA, the ETR or Experience Text Relationship (Nadas ESL Island, 2000) method may be utilized to improve the reading skills of grade 4 pupils. The teacher begins by asking the pupils what they know about the text that is going to be read. The teacher then reads the story along with the pupils and pausing every know and then to discuss the part of the story that had just been read and ask what the pupils thin will happen in the next part of the story. After the story had been read, the teacher discusses the story with pupils and ask them to relate it to their personal experience.The PreP or the Prereading Plan (Nadas ESL Island, 2000) also helps in improving the reading skills of grade 4 pupils since it attempts to trigger previous knowledge and provide background knowledge which will help the pupils understand what they are reading. The teacher begins by introducing a main concept to the pupils to prepare them for what is to be read or listened to. For instance the teacher could start by saying, Today, we are a going to talk about a planet. Who can tell me what a planet is. He or she then allows the pupils to give their own ideas of the concept and lists these down on the board or on a chart.After correcting some misconceptions about the topic or idea, the teacher asks the pupils to write something about the idea by uti lizing the words on the board or on the chart. After having written something about the topic, the pupils are now ready to read the text that talks about the topic they wrote about. The SQ3R or the Survey Question Read Write Review (Nadas ESL Island , 2000) is another method that is utilized by teachers to help improve the reading skills of grade pupils. The teacher first asks the pupils to look at the title, the headings of paragraphs, the introduction , and the conclusion of the text that they are about to read.This helps the pupils gain an idea about the text before they actually start reading it. The pupils are then asked to read the questions at the end of the text so that more or less they will have an idea of the kind of information that they are expected to look for from the text. The teacher may now ask the pupils to read the text. The teacher reminds the pupils to take note of ideas and words that they do not understand and to read the text the second time around. The next things that the pupils are asked to do is to write the answers to the questions found at the end of the text.They may read the answers aloud in front of the class. The teacher advises the pupils to review that they wrote to ensure that the information remains fresh inside their minds. Teachers (Nadas ESL Island , 2000) also utilize story grammar to improve the reading skills of grade 4 pupils. Pupils are taught the four major components of story grammar which are main character and main puzzle or conflict, character clues which involve the actions of the characters, their dialogue, thoughts, physical qualities, and their reactions to other characters and events, the solving of the problem or conflict, and the theme of the story.Breaking down the story into the above mentioned components help the pupils understand easily what they just read. Semantic maps may also be used as an organizer of the components of story grammar. Strategic Reading (Nadas ESL Island 2000) is quite similar to the other approaches used in teaching reading to grade 4 pupils. The teacher begins by asking the pupils what they know about what is going to be read and what they expect to learn. Afterward, the teacher employs Click and Clunk while the pupils are reading the first part of the text. Clunks are the words or ideas that pupils find difficult to understand.The teacher helps the pupils fix the clunks as they continue reading the text. The same thing is done for the other parts of the text. The teacher wraps up the reading activities by asking the pupils to say what they have learned from what they just read. With Sample Reading Strategies, (Nadas ESL Island, 2000) teachers ask the pupils to say what they know about what is going to be read, write about an experience related to the topic, say something about the title of the text that will be read, make predictions about the contents of the text, skim the text for general ideas, or read the opening part and the closing part of the te xt.While reading, pupils may encounter words that are not familiar. The teachers help the pupils figure the meaning of the words by using context clues. Pupils may be also asked to predict what would happen in the next paragraph or draw pictures to show what they understand about what they have read so far. After reading, pupils may be asked to make an outline, a chart, a map or diagram to show what they have mute about the text. They may also be asked to retell what they have read or relate what they have read to their own experience.CBLI or Context Based Language Instruction makes learning language for pupils also interesting. In CBLI, the teacher makes use of real life texts rather than nursery rhymes or classic stories. accepted life text may be in the form of a news article, recipes, posters, advertisements, or brochures. The teacher uses these to help pupils understand how language structures are employ in real life. For example, recipes, posters, and advertisements make pl enty of use of action verbs. Instructional leaflets also make use of a lot of action verbs as well as prepositions.Sugestopedia is another method that teachers use to teach language to grade 4 pupils. Before having pupils read the text, the teacher prepares the mood of the classroom by play soft music. She then asks the pupils to close their eyes and listen carefully to what is going to be read. Music helps condition the mind of the pupils and allows them to concentrate on what is being read. Aside from sugestopedia, teachers also help improve the listening and comprehension skills of the pupils by asking them to perform the appropriate action for a word.For example when the teacher says sit, the pupils sit down. When the teacher says stand the pupils stand up. When the teacher says Step backwards the pupils move one step back. This helps the pupils become with the meaning attached to words aside from decorous familiar with the words themselves. There are many other techniques tha t teachers can employ in honing the English communication skills of grade 4 pupils. However, the technique that must be employed by the teacher should be suitable to the learning abilities of grade 4 pupils.References (2010). English Language Arts State Standards for New York. Lesson Planet. Retrieved dread 20, 2010 from http//www. lessonplanet. com. (n. d. ). Ideas for Teaching Writing. Kims Korner for Teacher Talk. Retrieved August 22, 2010 from http//www. kimskorner4teachertalk. com. (2000) Teaching Second Language Reading. Nadas ESL Island Resources for Teachers and Students. Retrieved August 20, 2010 from http//www. Nadaisland. com.

Military Spending in the US Essay

The majority of college students in the US today, do not know what it is want to live in a nation that is not at war, and this is no different for myself. One of my hold memories in elementary school was the attack on the earth trade center on 9/11. I am sure that I share that memory with many others. Throughout our lives, we have cognise our country to be one that is constantly fighting with another. As I grow older, I shed light on how surrounded we are by issues concerning our war machine presence in other countries. I also lead off to feel the consequences of our action at laws as a country.Much of our politicians time and effort is put into figuring out how to work our troops home or how to support our troops while still keeping taxes down. In the hold back it is the American public who are funding our war with our taxes as rise as paying the consequences with things such as raised oil values. For my research paper I am going to discuss American host economics its effects on the American public, and our current presidential candidates stances on forces outlay. The military work out is a portion of the fall in States federal budget.It is used to pay the salaries, training, and health tending of military personnel. It is also used to maintain arms, equipment, facilities, funds operations, and develops and buys new weapons. According to the Department of Defense budget for the 2010 fiscal year, the presidents base budget for spending on overseas operations was $663. 4 one thousand thousand. The 2009 U. S. military budget accounts for approximately 40% of the total global arms spending. The USs 2012 budget is 6 to 7 times larger than the $106 billion of the military budget of China.It is greater than the next twenty dollar bill largest military spenders combined. Congressman Barney Frank of Massachusetts claims if we do not make reductions approximating 25 percent of the military budget go bading fairly soon, it will be impossible to conti nue to fund an adequate take of domestic activity. Some argue that now is not the time to subvert military spending. republican historian Robert Kagan argues, A reduction in disproof spending this year would unnerve American associate and would be taken by the world as evidence that an American retreat has begun. The change magnitude military spending since 9/11 has stimulated the US economy to a degree. However the jobs and income that it has created is offset by the massive increase in debt created. According to the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, the defense budget has increased from $432 billion in 2001 to $720 billion in 2011, an increase of around 67 percent. Increased military spending has been funded almost entirely by borrowing. There are many reasons why the debt has grown so some(prenominal) since 2001.These reasons include tax cuts, increases in other government spending, and the largest postwar recession the US has experienced. However, military ope rations in Iraq and Afghanistan have raised annual deficits by approximately 1 percent of GDP, a edit that is expected to continue through 2020. Since we decided to borrow money instead of increasing taxes or bare other spending, if war spending continues as forecasted, the country can expect to have paid about $1 trillion in interest by 2020.If the investments in the military over the last ten had been made in U.S. breeding, it would represent an 18. 5 percent boost in terms of capital improvements nationwide. This would finance the investments in public school facilities required to return the countrys schools to good condition. Traditionally the republican Party has been the more inclined towards increased national security and previous presidential candidate deal Romney described Obamas plan as a hollowing out of the military. 2012 running mates Ryan and Romney make the target that it is Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security that are the majority of the deficit.Though th ey are right, the American public still wants to cut spending even more than the $487 billion already cut by the Obama administration. Romney and Ryan had a plan to go in the exact opposite direction if they had won the election. They planned to boost defense spending by $100 billion, or nearly 20% in 2013. The Republican Party, otherwise known as the lordly old party or GOP, traditionally follows Ronald Reagans stance on national defense. That stance is equal by the motto of peace through strength.Today, that means protecting Americas homeland by confronting terrorism and maintaining a defense against arising threats of nuclear power. The Republican Party is dependabley committed to Americas Armed Forces to make sure that they are prepared for any challenges they may need to face. While the United States is involved in various international organizations, which serve the cause of peace and posterity, the Republican Party argues that these organizations essential never substitut e for principled American leadership to protect our vital national interests.All of the nurture I gathered about the GOPs stance on national defense was pulled instantly from their official website, www. GOP. com. Current president Barack Obama has sought to end the war in Iraq and accelerate the transition in Afghanistan in part to lower defense costs. He has proposed a number of defense cuts over the next decade. kinda than following the words of a president who was in office over 20 years agone and during the cold war, the Democratic Party feels that as our threats have evolved over the years, so too should our ability to suffice to them.President Obama has made significant steps to restore Americas image around the world by rebuilding strategic alliances with countries that share our values and face common threats. As far as the situation overseas, the President plans to bring home 10,000 troops by the end of this year, 33,000 by next summer, and dispatch the transition by 2014. Just as I did for the Republican Party, I got all of this information directly from the official website, www. democrats. org.What originally inspired my interest in this subject is when I began to notice issues such as how much our pedagogyal system is suffering across the nation. Also, with a little bit of research, I salubrious-read that the NASA budget has been cut about a billion dollars in the last three years. Yet, at the corresponding time, the military budget is increase by about the same gist as the entire NASA budget. peradventure its just my nature, but I feel that it is a huge waste of time and assets to be spending most of our money fighting other countries, when we could be exploring and making discoveries for the betterment of mankind.As I mentioned earlier, the US has funded all of our wars solely on borrowing, and we have racked up quite a large amount of interest in doing so. On the other hand, a paper written by Douglas A. Camstock, Director of moder n Partnerships Office, NASA Headquarters, and Daniel P. Lockney of Innovative Partnerships Office, NASA Headquarters, the return rate for NASA research can be as high as 32 times the initial investment. At the very lowest, they estimate that for every dollar invested in NASA, there is a return of at least seven dollars as a result of technological advances.Not tho is the lack of support for research a shame for the curious minded, but it is bad fiscal think as well. Single bombs can cost the military about one million dollars each. Here in the state of California, an average teachers salary is about $40,000 a year this is one of the states with the highest averages. For the price of one bomb or missile, twenty-five teachers can be paid to work for a full year. It doesnt take a professional economic expert to tell you that investing in education is well worth it.Educated adults grow up to become working, contributing members of society. Politicians seem to always be expression for ways to create jobs. What better way than for an educated individual to go out and become an entrepreneur, start a business, and hire people to work for them? A study from the University of Massachusetts in 2011 says that for every billion spent in education, about 26,700 jobs are created. Among the different departments that were researched were health care, clean energy, tax cuts, and of course education and defense.Of those five, the military had the least amount of jobs created per billion spent at 11,200 jobs. Once again, it doesnt take an economist to recognize a poor investment. Over the course of my research paper, I learned about the expand of our defense budget and military spending trends in the US as well as our boilersuit deficit. I also found the effects that war has had on the American Public as well as on our economy. During the election I paid close attention to our current presidential candidates and their plans for our defense budget.Only the future will tell if these trends continue or whether our president will take action against our deficit and the fate of national security. I was also able to look into what sparked my interest on the event in the first place. I got to compare our spending on the military with other departments like education and NASA research. With the Presidents plan to begin our transition out of the Middle East in these future years, we will see if we begin a shift to a more progressive, intellectually motivated America. As a member of our educational system as well as a proud American, I sure hope we do.

Frankenstein: The Danger of Knowledge Essay

It was on a dreary night of November, that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. With an anxiety that almost amounted to agony, I collected the instruments of liveness around me, that I might infuse a spark of being in to the life historyleless thing that temporal at my feet. It was already one in the morning the rain pattered dism anyy against the panes, and my stackdle was approximatelyly ruin out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open it disfranchised hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs (Shelley, 34). Thus begins the horror in Mary Shelleys well-known(a) gothic, ro compositiontic fiction, Frankenstein. This literary work, published in 1818, tells the story of a young scientist who comes upon the secrets to create life. The novel begins with the counterbalance of letters between Captain Robert Walton, a young English explorer in pursuit of discovering the northwest Passage, to his sister Margar et Saville. The first few letters in the novel recount to Margaret the progress of Waltons voyage.Upon stretching a plot of impassable ice, Walton encounters Victor Frankenstein upon a slab of ice, and brings him aboard the ship. As Walton nurses the dreadfully weakened Frankenstein congest to help, his vigor for researching success and the unexplored tone downs Frankenstein to relate the story that led to his misfortune. Frankenstein begins relating his story to Walton. He tells Walton close his family and childhood in Geneva. Frankenstein recounts of his love for science and seeking out the causes of things since he was very young. Upon coming upon the whole kit of Cornelius Agrippa, Frankenstein is enraptured with school of thought and the thought of creating life. This love led Frankenstein to att send away the University of Ingolstadt, where he studied chemistry and indispensable philosophy. As his time passed there, Frankenstein became increasingly obsessed with disco vering the secret of life. This led to a continual pouring and allegiance to that one area, until he at last discovered it. Upon discovering the secret of life, Frankenstein poured himself into forming a human race from old, decaying body split and brings to life his populace.Though he initially began praising his creation, his joy soon human actions to horror at realizing the grotesque, churn up being he created. Frankenstein flees from the creature, and returns to find it gone. As the novel progresses, each of Frankensteins loved ones is killed, and he vows himself to seek out the creature and destroy it. The novel grants the story of the incidents that led up to thecreation of the teras and the good-for-naught destruction of the innocent affected by one mans unharnessed passion to seek noesis no matter the cost. Throughout the novel, Shelley portrays the theme of the danger of association in the characters of Walton, Frankenstein, and the creature. Mankind, since its b egin, has ceaselessly had a gigantic thirst and craving for knowledge. In Frankenstein, Shelley seems to question the wisdom in such(prenominal) a pursuit and sends a precautionary warning to those who read it. This thirst for knowledge, though it can be a blessing and beneficial, can become a monstrous endeavor.The first character that Shelley introduces that shares this passion for knowledge and the extraterrestrial being is Robert Walton. At the beginning of the story, Walton begins by writing to his sister and informs her of his yearning to seek out the unknown. Walton expressed to his sister how she can non imagine the arrive at that he would, confer on all mankind to the last generation, by discovering a passage near the pole to those countries, to reach which at present so many months are requisite or by ascertaining the secret of the magnet, which, if at all mathematical, can only be effected by an underpickings such as mine (Shelley, 20). This quote exemplifies from Waltons letter how passionately he seek out afterwards knowledge. After Walton finds Frankenstein and brings him aboard, he explains his pursuit to Frankenstein. Walton expresses that he would sacrifice, my fortune, my existence, my eery hope, to the furtherance of my enterprise.One mans life or death were but a small price to pay for the acquirement of the knowledge which I sought for the dominion I should acquire and transmit over the elemental foes of our race (Shelley, 11). This quote foreshadows the dangerous style Walton is treading upon. Once compared to the story of Frankenstein, the reader can understand that the dangerous road Walton was on, could ultimately lead to a similar result as Frankensteins. Both men fervently sought knowledge without beware of the end result. Walton and Frankenstein shared a c erstwhilern only for the present and the fame and knowledge that could be attained now, without considering the possible deadly fruit of their labor. Thankfully, Walto n heeded the advice of Frankenstein, and was spared a possible dreadful ending. Unfortunately, Frankenstein had not been given the same warning in oust, and was forced to reap the fruit of his pursuit. The second main character that Shelley introduces that contains a passion for knowledge and the unknown is VictorFrankenstein. When Frankenstein is set up by Walton, he relates his story to him after perceiving that Walton walks on a similar path as he once did.He expresses his horror in the thought when he cried out, Unhappy man Do you share my madness? Have you drunk also of the intoxicating draught? Hear me,- let me reveal my tale, and you testament dash the cup from your lips (Shelley, 12). Frankenstein wished to save Walton the agony and pain from walking along the sting road that he had traveled upon. Frankenstein soon begins his narrative of his story and related to Walton how his thirst for knowledge and the unknown had begun while he was yet a young child. He tells of how he became obsessed with natural philosophy and chemistry, and the elixir of life upon entering the University of Ingolstadt. As he knowledge and intelligence grew, so his infatuation with the human frame and discovering the secret to create life. At last, Frankenstein came upon the secret that led him to begin the construction of a creation- a being that he could breathe life into. As he worked, he was blinded to the thought of what may result of this creation, and he worked continually. Not for a moment did Frankenstein step back to rationalize what he was creating.He was blinded to all except the thought of success and creating life. As a result, Victors creation was formed. As the dickens came to life, only then did Victor understand what he created. He abhorred his own creation, and could not lay eyes on it for fear and horror. Frankensteins uncontained ideas and thirsts caused him severe pain as his creation destroy all he treasured. The third and final example in Shelleys novel that displayed a proneness for knowledge was the Frankensteins creation- the monster. When the monster was first created, he was as a newborn babe. Unable to select his surroundings and completely defenseless, he wandered around searching for comfort. Like a child, he grew in knowledge as he roamed, and soon was able to distinguish between simple items such as the sun, moon, berries and fire. As the creature continues to learn and fend for himself, he came upon the hovel of the DeLacey family, where he remained for quite some time, observing the family. The monster becomes fascinated by the family, and begins to learn from their example.As he learns, he strived to be able to communicate with them and to share a relationship with someone, such as they had. The more the monster observed the family, the more he longed to be accepted and human. When Safie joins the DeLacey family, they begin teachingher how to read and speak, and so also do the lessons of the monster begin. As h e grew in knowledge, his eyes were opened to understand more and to believe that if the humans were rationalized with, they would come to love him once they realized the kind heart inside of him. Contrary to what he hoped, the monster was rejected by the DeLacey Family, and sought after the creator who brought him into his miserable existence. The monster had sought for the knowledge of love and acceptance, but never found it. He himself states that though he destroyed Frankensteins dreams, I did not satisfy my own desires. They were for ever ardent and craving still I desired love and fellowship, and I was still spurned (Shelley, 165). The monster had sought for the knowledge of love and acceptance by perceiving humans, but realized that he alone would always be separate from that gift.This knowledge and revelation led to his anger and hatred towards mankind and his creator, who also abhorred him. there was no one remaining to love him, and for that he swore anger and vengeance o n his creator who had created him and left him in that state. As the monster grew in knowledge, he grew in bitterness and hatred knowing that all mankind had to offer was exclusively kept from him. His anger came from his rejection and dissatisfaction of knowing that he alone would never be able to experience love, kindness, and sympathy from another fellow human being for as long as he lived. Mary Shelley sent a very clear meat through her novel, Frankenstein. She warned that those who seek knowledge and secrets might attain them, but lose everything they treasure and care for in the process. Just as in the case with Victor Frankenstein, sometimes unharnessed thirst for knowledge can lead to a devastating end that not only hurts the person seeking knowledge, but all those around them.Shelley sent a message that, like Walton, one must take the time to sit and consider the cost of their enterprise in the lead it is too late. If they are blinded by their goal, they will not see the cost of their search until they cannot turn back. Shelleys message was not only for those in the 1800s, but can be said for those in the twenty-first century. In a time when new discoveries are being made every day, is anyone taking into account the detrimental costs that it may have on those in society? Advancements are being made every day, but so many of them have been used to harm society, more than advance it. Shelleys warning is one that needs to be taken into consideration even today. If not, who knows how many monstersand creations will be released into this world.

Patient Narratives Essay

Narratives or stories pass on been used throughout the hi taradiddle of the human race to put up and help people to express themselves in ways that promote someoneal growth and enhance sensual well-being. Even in the simplest of contexts, narratives ar a core factor in the advancement of the humanity/ fri annihilateship and solely of its facets. An paralyticustration of this smoke be go steadyn in the transfer of a familys lineage, history, and values from extension to generation. This on the wholeows for the recipient of this information to have a greater knowledge of his/her own family and the history surrounding it. spoken narratives and writings, such as journals, stories, or speeches to others are stress-relieving mechanisms that laughingstock reduce the external stress.The narrating of unmatcheds thoughts in spades does not initially affect the external stressors one is facing. Narrating does, however, allow one to share these feelings with others and to organiz e ones thoughts around these issues. More significantly, narrative opportunities such as these, work to encourage and advance rehabilitative contexts in which individuals such as a mother and daughter or father and son can openly communicate any differences, worries, or problems one might be having with daily living. A to a greater extent important and serious issue interlaced with narratives is the personal issue of carve uping stories closely infirmity (Frank, ch.1 pg.2) Narratives are the beginning to the process of meliorate.See more than how to start a narrative essay introductionBy definition, the term healing is beat out understood as a natural process by which the luggage compartment repairs itself. Although rather simplistic sounding, healings true definition or meaning is a such(prenominal) more complicated issue. When analyzing healing, it is self-asserting for an individual to not view the lyric healing and curing as the same words. Healing raises much(preno minal) deeper, hidden issues than curing does. I once was talking with a blood brother about his recent misfortune of breaking his wooden leg. After tens, if not hundreds of hours put in to rehab, he had his leg cast upstage in a much anticipated doctor visit. After the doctor removed his cast, the first words out of his mouth were, Im healed Normally, a statement deal this would cause no fuss, or evoke any further debate. But today it is time to rick things straight.Unfortunately for my buddy, his statement was far from the truth. He was not healed, notwithstanding bring tod Medicine, fortunately for him, was fitting to cure him. But medicine did nothing to heal him from the multiple breakdowns and personalangst caused by his broken leg. Healing goes much deeper than curing. A cure is al about a quick fix in a spirit. If someone was to force out their hand, the cure for this would be something along the lines of burn cream or ice. But when someone has something severe pas s by to them, such as a life threatening indisposition or disease, healing must point place in order for that person to recover. My point is that deep disorder interrupts life in all aspects. To start the healing process, one must find a modern equilibrium or esthesis of who you are in relation to the people around you. This calls upon the ever-healing powers of personal narratives to allow for insight into what is going on in your life.Stories have to repair the damage that illness has done to the ill persons sense of where he/she is in life, and where she may be going. Ill people have to learn to think differently. (Frank, ch.1 pg.1) This can be learned by an ill person by hearing themselves tell their story to others and in turn, recognise the listeners reactions and experience their stories for themselves. When an ill person tells a story, it is incongruent to telling a story when they are not ill. The story was told through a wounded body. (Frank, ch.1 pg.1) The need of i ll people to express and tell their stories to create a new equilibrium as stated earlier is essential to their recovery. More imperative is the need for listeners of the story to understand that it is told not whole about the body, but through the body.One of our most difficult duties as human beings is to listen to the voices of those who suffer. (Frank, pg. 25) For the average human, listening to stories as told through the body of an ill person is not exactly anyones idea of a good time. These stories told are, on most occasions, substantially neglected or brushed aside by listeners because of their own feeling or thought of the accident that they too might one day be afflicted with a disease or illness similar to the sufferer. Listening is hard, but is also a fundamental moral act to realize the best potential in postmodern times requires an ethics of listening. In listening for the other, we listen for ourselves. (Frank, pg. 26)In lesser words, this statement depicts the ne ed to listen as a moral act. In a sense, it is a persons duty to listen to the stories of the ill. In doing so, one can more fully comprehend the storybeing told and in turn, be able to relate in some way to the persevering. This allows for a more full understanding of what the unhurried is going through and opens the eyes of the listener in ways that are beneficial for him/her. This way of thinking often deteriorates when the listener is not just a friend or family, but the appointed physician or doctor.Narrative ethics is a term that has recently been superabundant in the field of medicine. The term narrative ethics is often used in union with how a physician listens or goes about listening to a patient ofs story. It is easily understandable, that after geezerhood of practicing medicine, a physician may grow indifferent to the some(prenominal) stories told by patients. It is rather clear to see that after multiple repetitions of something, such as stories told to an attorn ey or lawyer by their clients, each new story has less and less or an effect on the listener. If a defending lawyer hears stories about client after client killing someone or stabbing someone, they will soon pass away indifferent to the stories being told. This is a huge problem afflicting modern medicine and physicians. In order for patients to acquire healed, it is essential for physicians to have a narrative sensitization towards their patients narrative. The goal is to create empathy for the patient to allow for a full understanding of the patients illness, and also to create a bond between physician and patient that will allow for further quickening of the healing process. Without this, it would be hard for a physician to adjust or find alternative treatment and medical decisions that would play to the specificity of each patients life. (Frank, pg. 156)Thinking with stories is the basis of narrative ethics. (Frank, pg. 158)Many times a physician will listen to what the patien t has to say, but only to a captain extent. By this, I mean that physicians often run into at each patients narratives and/or illness objectively. They dont look at any deeper truth or emotion that a particular narrative may express they only look at the observable truths and obvious implications. In the notes written by Renee Anspach on the Sociology of Medical Discourse, she states that, Cases are objects of professional scrutiny. In presentations of cases, professionals talk about peoples stories the story is an object of analysis, and professionals believe themselves to be the only ones qualified to carry out this analysis. For example, a physician may listen to whathis/her patient has to say but not think with the story. In this way, the physician could empathize with the patients true feelings and better understand his/her condition. If instead, the physician would have listened to the story and actually thought subjectively about the patients words said such as, Can you giv e me the courage I need? then he could have thought about the possibility of medicating his patient for possible depression. (Frank, pg. 158)Existing in and throughout patient illness and healing, religion has been a topic that has been somewhat overlooked. righteousness plays a significant role in many peoples recovery and healing process that doesnt necessarily go un-noticed, but unaccredited. morality itself is a means of healing, but is usually not documented because of the simple fact that there is no hard evidence to link the two. Religion is a narrative all of its own. Possibly the most justly narrative, religious narrative allows an individual to place every hope of healing and progression through illness or disease in a single word that has no boundaries faith. It has been common, for example, for religions to be the sole credit of physical, mental, emotional, and psychological healing for adherents.Although religion and prayer are unable to deliver the resources of mod ern medical science, it is able to alter the way people perceive and process their experiences. This, in turn, can change the course of a disease or illness simply because of the influence our attitudes have on our physical well being. unheeding of if you believe in God or maybe just a higher-power of sorts, faith in something that you rattling believe, will better your condition and will prove beneficial in almost any situation. Religion is possibly the most powerful, yet least used form of narrative existing. With faith in God, anything is possible.As has been explained, patient narratives are an integral part of patient healing in the face of illness or disease. Not only is the patients stories essential, but a listener that really tries to understand the patient and takes an active role in story-listening will better the given situation by ten-fold. Only when all of these factors combine into a single entity do the patients hopes and healing abilities fully render. Narratives are the beginning, middle, and end to the process of healing.Bibliographyfor Patient Narratives Paper1.http//www.cancerlynx.com/storyteller.html2.http//books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=sgQEb9AObS4C&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&sig=GodeUXE92NJX3OH0I9thPOJBtpA&dq=%22The+Wounded+Storyteller%22PPP1,M13.http//muse.jhu.edu/demo/perspectives_in_biology_and_medicine/v048/48.1connelly.pdf4.Porterfield, Amanda. Healing in the History of Christianity. 1st ed. Oxford Oxford UP, 2005. 3-185.5.Frank, Arthur. The Wounded Storyteller. The University of Chicago Press, 1997. 1-185.TopicAnalyze the importance of patient narratives in healing experiences. How can personal illness narratives help patients move toward healing? What narrative options has modern biomedicine (or orthodox medicine) provided?

Lord’s Prayer

establishment Matthew 69-13 is commsolely referred as the noblemans Prayer. In this paragraph, the Nazarene exhibited a linguistic rule of orison to the disciples, hence suggesting the manner in which divinity fudge should be communicate and the petition we are authorize to present to Him. What is it ab by this paper that intrigues so many people to dig into the nastying of it? It is interesting to gather from the verses above that Jesus communeer puts God in the offshoot place. The prototypal half of the petitioner foc hires unaccompanied on God and His agenda as believers adore, worship, and submit to His impart forrader they introduce their have ain petitions.The mo half of the prayer focuses on how should disciple invite God to their daily life-time and extend upon Gods continuous spiritual provision. Even with the second half w here their wills are introduced, God save takes dominant position in the relationship. The discipleship of the followers thus is being presented through with(predicate) day-to-day prayers. Socio-Historical Background To to the full understand the meaning of the text edition, the first thing to do is to step back to examine the society where the text was written, back to the time where the incident happened, thus we can fully grasp the context of the paragraph.The Gospel of Matthew as we know it was al just about certainly written before A. D 100. It is quoted by Ignatius (Smyrn. 1. 1), create verbally in approximately 110-115 A. D. , and probably referred to in the Didache, which may date to sometime in the late 90s. 2 External express helps us to confirm that Matthew wrote primarily to Jewish Christian congregation or congregations each on the landmark of or just recovering from a substantial break from Judaism as a whole. 3 If Matthew depends on stigma, it must obviously be later than Mark, notwithstanding the dating of Mark is equally uncertain.Most would place Mark under the Neronian persecu tion in the mid- to late-60s, entirely the evidence is passing inferential. 4 Various data within Matthews Gospel might as well as support an earlier dating. Why would only Matthew include summonss to the temple levy (1724-27), offering (523-24) and ritual (2316-22), or to Sabbath keeping in Judea (2420) in an era (after 70) in which n one(a) of these was skilful any longer? Why would he stress Jesus antagonism against the Sadducees in an age in which they had died out? One answer is that these things happened that way during Jesus lifetime.But croakn the evangelists consistent pattern of selecting episodes from Jesus life that were theologically meaningful for their communities, one wonders if these data are non indirect pointers to a pre-70 date. The evidence is exquisitely balanced, moreover it is believed there is a s take fire weight in favor of opting for a date in the 60s, sometime after the composition of Mark. The above surveys of the probable circumstances of its composition lead a legal age today to conclude that the author was a Jewish Christian. 5 Strictly speaking, this Gospel, like all quaternion canonical Gospels, is anonymous.Canonical Matthew is written in relatively good classical, better than Mark, but not as dressed as that of the native Greek writer, Luke. Given the amount of Hellenization that had infiltrated Galilee by the first century, and given that regular contacts with gentiles that a toll collector would have had, the apostle Matthew would have become reasonably cosmopolitan Jew, quite capable of this tolerant of writing. 6 some(prenominal) have inferred from reference like 1352 that Matthew himself was a scribe, either before or after becoming a Christian, and that he therefore could notalso have been a toll collector.7 In fact, if he were a Christian scribe or teacher, his previous experience with an course that required writing and record keeping might even have helped better prepare him for his later responsi bilities. Without any ancient traditions to the contrary, Matthew remains the most plausible choice for author. This author, at least of an ascendental design of this book, seems quite probably to have been the converted toll collector, also named Levi, who became one of Jesus Twelve apostles (cf.103 99-13 Mark 214-17).Literary Context Suggestions for Matthews Gospel have always involved justificatory design to try to convince non-Christian Jews of the truth of the Gospel, encouragement to the churchs witness in a hostile world, and deepening Christian faith by supplying more details about Jesus words and works. 8 All of these proposals make good sense and may well coordinate take leave of Matthews intention. To what kind of church under what circumstance would such a Gospel to be communicate?The text itself never verbalizes. It is usually take ond that all of the Gospels are first of all addressed to Christian communities, since from the earliest days of Christian testimony that is where these documents are read. Suggestions about the church to which Matthew presumably is writing usually try to relate the circumstances of that body of believers to the large Jewish world. Most of the testimony states only if that Matthew wrote to the Hebrews, although occasionally a place in Palestine is suggested.Modern scholars have often suggested Syria, especially its central metropolis of Antioch, 9 which was up to one-seventh Jewish and a center of early Christian missionary effort. more(prenominal) fruitful is discussion of the type of situation within Judaism that would have provoked this Gospel. Some have argued for Gentile audience, and interpreted Matthews Jewish emphasis as teaching Gentile Christians how to appropriate their Jewish hereditary pattern and Scriptures. Others have remained content just to label the community mixed.Most interpreters recognize Matthews audience as Jewish-Christian congregation or congregations either on the verge o or just r ecovering from a substantial break from Judaism as a whole. Graham Stanton suggests the concept of the church having broken from but dummy up in debate with the synagogue. 10 Studies of formative Judaism point out how diverse Jewish thought and put were before AD 70. After the destruction of the temple, however, only two primary branches emerged rabbinic Judaism and Christian Judaism.The accent was quite high as each of these groups competed in the same communities to defend the claim that they alone were the confessedly heirs to their religious heritage. 11 A situation like this can explain how Matthew could be so bear on to show Jesus as the fulfillment of all things Jewish and yet stress the rebellion of Israels leaders, comparable in Matthews mind to the hostility of the synagogue leadership in his day. Passage depth psychology/Implication The paragraph selected is commonly known as the Lords Prayer. Versions of this prayer front in both Matthew 69-13 and Luke 112-4.Pray th en like this is payed similarly by most translation. Translators may have When you pray, you should pray in this way, Your praying should be like this, or When you pray, this is the kind of prayer you should make. The form of address in Matthew (Our Father who art in enlightenment) appears in Luke s allude as Father (Luke 112). The modifier Our reminds us that no believer stands alone, while in heaven serves both to differentiate the celestial Father from dry landly fathers and at the same time to preserve the distant between God and man.The use of first-person plural pronouns through out the prayer reminds us that our praying ought to hypothesise the corporate unity, desires, and needs of the entire church. sacred be thy name is translated may your name be honored by Phps and whitethorn your name be held in reverence by Brc. With regard to the last part of this verse and the entirety of the following verse, it is ascertained that the three petitions are latitude in thought, and both the passive form and the use of name reflect the attitude of reverence found in Jewish prayers. Thy kingdom come is parallel to the first petition.The reference is to the final establishment of Gods find on earth. And the prayer requests that God establish his reign for us, not that we establish for him. The next petition, Thy will be beginnere, On earth as it is in heaven, is not found in Lukes presentation of the Lords prayer. This petition is an exact parallel to the first petition concerning the honoring of Gods name, and as such it also stands parallel with the second petition. The meaning of the petition may be expressed in a variety of ways May people obey you as you are obeyed in heaven (MACL),May you to obeyed all over the earth as your are obeyed in heaven (INCL). Thy will be done is a passive and does not specify who is to do Gods will. Many translations have to say may people do what you will or the things you will, may people carry them out on earth, just as those in heaven do. Some translations have understood the prayer to be leaseing that Gods will be done on earth and be done in heaven, whereas it is probably better to assume that his will is already done in heaven, and that the prayer is that people on earth carry out his will just as it is already carried out in heaven.The first half of the prayer thus focuses exclusively on God and his agenda as believers adore, worship, and submit to his will before they introduce their own personal petitions. Give us this day our daily lucre is a short verse but rocky to interpret. The problem concerns the meaning of the word rendered daily. The word appears only in Christian literature, and its origin and meaning have never been explained to the satisfaction of all. Several solutions have been offered and are summarized in the commentaries.One of the standard Greek lexicons presents them in the following order (1) Necessary for existence. Some commentators say that this interpretation ma kes the petition less than spiritual, but Jesus and his followers took seriously the needs of the body. (2) For the current day, for today. This seems to be the interpretation favored by translations that render daily. (3) For the following day. This would refer to the daily ration of profits, given for the next day therefore, give us today our daily portion.Mft translates give us to-day our loot for tomorrow, while Brc renders Give us today our bread for the coming day. There are several possibilities of meaning. If the prayer was said in the morning, the coming day would be the day in progress. If future reference would permit an eschatological interpretation as well, in which aspect the coming day could be the coming Messianic banquet. However, in this context such an interpretation is highly unlikely. (4) Bread for the future. This is discussed under (3). It is so called eschatological interpretation.The first two alternatives are similar to each other. The tertiary alte rnative, if taken as a reference to the present day, comes to mean essentially the same as the first two possibilities. The fourth interpretation, though attractive, does not seem to be in focus in the present passage. Since an eschatological interpretation should be rejected, the translation of this day should not be in these days or in this age. It means simply today, although it can be each day or day by day in some constructions, depending on how daily is dealt with.The Greek word for bread is here used with the wider meaning of food. Some have wanted to take bread to mean more than food, feeling it represents all our needs, spiritual and physical. Most translators will follow the examples listed under the first two interpretations Give us each day the food we need. Forgive has proved very difficult to translate. It can be expressed with some figure of speech such as Forget the wrong, no longer see the wrong. Debts represents a literal rendering of the Greek word.However, comme ntators note that the word is here sued figuratively for sins. Spiritual debts to God are first of all in view. Our plea for continued forbearance as believers, requesting the restoration of fellowship with God following the alienation that sin produces, is predicated on our having forgiven those who have sinned against us. As verse 15 stressed, without this interpersonal reconciliation on the human level, neither can we be reconcile to God. In the clause As we also have forgiven, the pronoun we is emphatic.The verb have forgiven represents an aorist indicative in Greek. A spell of translations give it a habitual or timeless force. Other specify that the action is past in reference to the petition for God to forgive. The word as is important. Some translators have taken it to mean because or since. But it is better to have in the same way or just as. That is, we ask God to forgive us in the same manner we forgive other. The final petition is especially difficult to interpret. T he Greek word translated temptation may also means trial, persecution.The petition does not imply dont bring us to the place of temptation or dont throw in the towel us to be tempted. Gods spirit has already done both of these with Jesus (41). Nor does the clause imply dont tempt us because God has promised never to do that anyway. Rather, in light of the probable Aramaic underlying Jesus prayer, these words seem best taken as dont let us succumb to temptation or dont abandon us to temptation. 12 We do of course succumb to temptations every once in a while but never because we have no alternative (1 Corinthians 1013).Thus when we give in, we have only ourselves to blame. The second clause translates a verb that may mean either rescue from or protect against. Evil translates a noun that may also mean the evil one. The New Testament scholars are divided on their judgment. Some are of the opinion that the word is a neuter, inasmuch as neither Hebrew nor Aramaic uses the evil one to denote Satan. Others, basing their judgment upon 1319, believe that the phrase may refer to the Evil One, that is, the Devil. In either case, the power of evil is here spoken of as a reality.Numerous late manuscripts add various forms of a conclusion to Jesus prayer, probably based on 1 Chr 2911-13, no doubt to give the prayer a proper doxology that otherwise lacked. This well-known conclusion appears in the NIV margin but almost certainly did not appear in Matthews original text. 13 14 Conclusion The Lords Prayer is in fact closer to a disciples prayer in its content. As the sinless One, Jesus cannot ask God to forgive his sin. However, Jesus sets up an example of prayer for us to follow.Only with the fulfillments of various petitions can we reconcile with God in unity. We are called to honor Gods name in our daily life. We are called to be used by God and obey Him in building His kingdom. We shall pray to God everyday for the needs of our body, and ask for forgiveness of our sin. Jesus is calling disciples to pray for deliverance from and protection in testing. We surely cannot avoid testing as such. God lets us to be tested by the evil one to confirm our faith in Him. When such testing comes, only Gods strength can see us through.We may note that the use of plural pronoun our reminds us that just as we approach God as our heavenly Father, we must remember Gods other children as our brothers and sisters. I must seek not only my daily bread but also the needs of my brothers and sisters in Christ. 15 Application This prayer is a great proctor for a highly individualized society we have. We pray for everything in our lives no matter big or small. Theres nothing wrong with praying all the time, but often times most of the prayers we say are about ourselves.We prayer for better grades, better health, more time, more patience, better lives, etc. Its always about us. We often fail to realize that we are trying to take control of everything. We pray to God for His help instead of letting Him be in control of the situation. Through the studying of this prayer, I realize that only through Gods power can we stand against the storms in our lives, and through him can we find the true peace. Also, we must seek not only the provision for ourselves, but also those around us. Our own intimacy with God must lead to prayer for and active commitment to the needs of all his people.